Eating these is one
way to reduce obesity.
James R. Knickman President & CEO at the New York StateHealth Foundation asked the million dollar question in his Huffington Post piece, “What's Workingto Reduce Obesity?” In his post Mr. Knickman reveals that researchers from Drexel University studied a range of experiments aimed at
reducing obesity, assessing how effective those strategies were. Researchers
concluded that measures such as improving sidewalks and banning trans fats had
strong impact but other approaches such as restaurants posting nutrition
information had very little, to no impact.
So what does work to reduce obesity?
Mr. Knickman believes reducing obesity comes
down to the following points:
- Better and more research will provide a
better sense of the impact of various strategies reducing obesity in communities
- Different populations require different
strategies so research can determine which approaches are most effective for
high risk populations
- Seek out the economic and social benefits
of interventions
- Success happens when communities and neighborhoods
make it easy and affordable to be physically active and eat healthy foods, rather
than one method such as banning trans fats
- All these healthy components add up to create
“a neighborhood value, a point of pride” and becomes a part of the culture.
Mr. Knickman asks, “What is the best bang for your buck?” Here
at the Bronx Health REACH Coalition we have launched the Towards A Healthier Bronx initiative using policy, systems and environmental improvements that increase
access to healthy food, healthy beverages and opportunities for physical
activity for over 75% of 675,215 residents residing in 12 high need South Bronx
zip codes. Many public health campaigns rely heavily on clinical evidence, but
fail to research the motivating factors relevant to that audience. To avoid
this our campaign emphasizes actionable health behaviors.
Led by the Institute for Family Health, Bronx Health
REACH was formed in 1999 to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in health
outcomes in diabetes and heart disease in African American and Latino
communities in the southwest Bronx. Since then the Bronx Health REACH coalition
has grown to include over 70 community-based organizations, 47 faith-based
organizations, and health care providers. Bronx Health REACH serves as a
national model of community empowerment demonstrating ways to build healthier
communities by promoting healthy life-style behaviors.
The plan behind Towards
A Healthier Bronx is:
- Increasing the number of bodegas and restaurants involved
in incentive programs offering and promoting affordable healthy foods
- Increasing the number of farm stands making healthy food
more affordable and available to the community
- Increasing the number of public and charter elementary
schools emphasizing nutrition education and supporting related school policies
Partnering with bodega, deli and
restaurant owners by providing them with training and education makes these
initiatives not only a healthy benefit for their customers, but an economic
benefit for the business owner. Encouraging chefs to attend monthly trainings
on healthy food preparation results in offering patrons 2 to 3 healthier menu
options. As New York City neighborhood demographics change, the restaurants and
bodegas can now more easily adapt to the healthy choices their new customers
are seeking resulting in those restaurant and bodega owners seeing more
customers come into their stores and restaurants and gaining more revenue.
Mr. Knickman also
states, “So if menu labeling isn't working for the target population--as the
Drexel research and other studies suggest--we need to find and test other ways
to make the healthy choice the easy choice.” Euny C. Lee, Evaluator and Policy Analyst at Bronx Health
REACH agrees with Mr. Knickman citing a New York University study, “Calorie Labeling Has Barely Any Effecton Teenagers' or Parents' Food Purchases” which revealed that posting calories for
food items at fast food restaurants had no impact on what consumer purchased.
Euny has moderated several focus groups with
our faith-based coalition members to determine which types of messages
encourage healthy behavior such as healthy eating and physical activity. Findings
reveal educating the community about daily calorie intake to be important as most
were not aware that you should consume no more than 2000 calories a day to
maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Messaging matters as well. Signs and
posters promoting a health benefit rather than a scare tactic elicit more
positive behavior changes. Interventions have to be customized to a specific demographic/ethnic
group so that it is culturally and linguistically understandable and
appropriate. Other results include social support such as having a friend or
family member who you are accountable to for your actions to reach the desired health goals.
Focus group members felt this ad was not accurate saying the soda bottle
should be bigger and would be more effective if other ailments such as diabetes
and heart disease that causes stroke were listed.
Focus group members felt the above ad was actually a real advertisement
selling juice boxes and a better message would have been the child drinking
from a water bottle.
But the question still remains. “What is doable in the fight to reduce obesity?” Bronx Health REACH can point to a few projects. A city wide
campaign was created to serve only low-fat and fat-free milk rather than whole
milk at New York City public schools. Bronx Health REACH educated policy
makers, Coalition members and residents from the community about obesity
and the benefits of reduced fat milk. This led to the New York City Public
school system adopting the policy and impacting over 1.1 million children in
1,579 schools as well as a model for public schools in 15 other states.
I don't know if the day will ever arrive where the only thing one needs to do is take a miracle pill that sheds those excess pounds without any physical effort while drinking a large vanilla milkshake every day. What I do know is these healthy initiatives together will begin slowing the overweight/obesity epidemic we now face.